Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo: Theory and Applications Abstract: The stochastic approximation Monte Carlo (SAMC) algorithm has been recently proposed by F. Liang and his co-authors as a general Monte Carlo and optimization algorithm. A remarkable feature of the algorithm is that it avoids the local-trap problem suffered by conventional MCMC algorithms; the algorithm can self-adjust its acceptance rate of local Metropolis-Hastings moves such that each subregion of the sample space can be sampled with a desired frequency. In this talk, I will first provide an overview of the algorithm from both the theoretical and practical aspects. I will then discuss applications of the algorithm to a variety of statistical and bioinformatical problems, including neural network training, disease mapping, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, among others.