The use of low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for transmit precoding provides crucial energy efficiency advantage for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation. This paper formulates a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constallation range and one-bit symbol-level precoding design problem for minimizing the average symbol error rate (SER) in downlink massive MIMO transmission. A tight upper-bound for SER with low-resolution DAC precoding is first derived.  The derived expression suggests that the performance degradation of 1-bit precoding can be interpreted as a decrease in the effective minimum distance of the QAM constellation. Using the obtained SER expression, we first propose a QAM constellation range design for the single-user case. It is shown that a reasonable choice for constellation range with 1-bit symbol-level precoding is that of the infinite-resolution precoding with instantaneous power constraint reduced by a factor of 0.8. This minimum distance reduction translates to about 2dB gap between the performance of 1-bit precoding and infinite-resolution precoding. This paper further proposes a low-complexity two-step heuristic algorithm for one-bit precoder design. Finally, the proposed QAM constellation range and precoder design are generalized to the multi-user downlink. We conclude that the proposed design is also applicable to the multi-user case and that the proposed one-bit zero-forcing precoding scheme requires about 50% more antennas to achieve the same performance as conventional zero-forcing precoding with infinite resolution precoding.